Tuesday, 1 November 2016

PRACTICUM
A STUDY ON THE  IMPACT  OF BIOLOGY FOR THE WELFARE OF SOCIETY


INTRODUCTION
The world we   live is full of biodiversity and we humans are a part of that when life began in this earth ,It was very simple and as ages passed it became more complex we know that biology deals with the science about life and as population increased .It is this science which helped the society to overcome the problem to a great extend.
                      Our life on earth is becoming miserable because of our wrong needs. Many diseases are emerging due to our activity and also due to other factor. Biology gives us knowledge about these kind of  diseases and it help to diagnose treat and curse it. As the science is improving ,biology is also gaining strength more and more equipments is being introduced in to the modern world .Now a days treatment are  available. For readily diseases like cancer ,aids etc. Hereditary and gene disorder can also be cured .Biology  also makes us aware of upcoming environment hazard danger causing  to animal etc. The more   we see in this practicum.
NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE
 Man is fighting with many biology issue and they are threatening him. More and more diseases and emerging day by day .At this state biology has it relevance .It helps us to known about the various stages of diseases welfare of society lies in the hands of biology .We know that now a day life style diseases are going its strength by affecting a lot of people .Many biologists are trying to find a cure  for this with advent of biology we are able to diagnose and cure many disease so the need for studying this topic is important.
                      Now talking about its present significance we could see that in every field our society, biology has its significance .The effect of pollution and its control, biodiversity conservation,   waste management, wild life conservation , waste management, wild life  protection etc come under the control of biology. So we  can say that biology stands for the welfare of society from older times and its significance  and important can’t be explained.
                       

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY
The intention of the present study is to find out the impact of biology  for the welfare of society. The study is thus entitled as “ The study on the impact of Biology for the Welfare of society”.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.   To identify the   advancement in the different fields of biology that affect mankind .
2.   To identify the impact of biology for  the welfare of society.

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
The present investigation aims to find out the impact of biology for the welfare of society ,the methodology adopted was documentary analysis.
PROCEDURE ADOPTED
For collecting data necessary for identify impact of biology for the welfare of society, documentary analysics  was employed. It was followed by the analysis text book, journals, periodicals, magazines,  net source and also discussion with teachers and experts.
DATA COLLECTED
IMPACT OF BOLOGY
Biology plays a vital role in sustaining the well being at human , from olden times man has been exploiting nature for his statisfaction of needs and its after effect came in the form of natural calamities. At the same time be is also trying to build  the broken bond between man and nature. Biology is the field of science which help the man to do so. Biology has very important role in improving life setup through various field.
SELF SUFFICIENCY IN FOOD
The major issue of the space age world is hunger. The main reason for this is the enormous rise in world population. The rise in population other reasons for the shortage are
1.   Imbalanced food production
2.   Misdistribution
3.   Waste and spoilage
The food problem is more serious in developing and under develop countries  where the percapital income in very low. WHO estimate that about two third of the world population is struggle in with condition that create sickness and under nourishment. To change this situation we must attain self sufficieny in food productivity is too low  to feed the exploding population. The world food supply may be increased through agriculture by adopting certain measures.
a) General-reforestation, mechanization and economic use of water 
b)Crops – use of new, better varieties  of crops obtained through plant breeding, promoting the use of selected and controlled  seeds extensive use of fertilizers, better soil management improved human status irrigation, education efforts by creating awareness on modern agricultural practices.
c)Live stock- superior animals breeds, better feed control, improved animal husbandary, good water provision, health control, use of antibiotics, arresting losses in handling, storage and utilization  etc.
BASIC PRACTICES IN CROP PRODUCTION
Crop refere to cultivated products from the soil in the form of grains, roots, fibers etc. India produces about 100 million tones of rice. Wheat   and   other cereals   every  year  to  feed  her population of thousand  million  of people.
            There are certain conditions which are very important for ensuring a higher crop yield appropriate   soil, seeds, irrigation, protection from weeds and pests and the use of proper implements  and practices  determine the  quality and reliability of crop yield. A  field  or a  farm needs to be managed properly in order to yield good crops. Agriculture thus involves systematic use of  practices  that  fulfil  the requirements  for the growth of plants.
       Every crops uses of substantial  amount of nutrients present  in the soil, therefore periodic replenishment  is necessary .  Other wise the soil would  become infertile and incapable  of  supporting  further plant growth oneway of replenishing  the soil with  nutrients  is to add “ manure” to it manure is made of waste product of animals  and plants  which is rich in organic  chemical nutrients. Another way of  enriching  the soil is to add “fertilizers” to it.
BIOFERTILIZERS
The  emergence of green revolution and bio farming  has  promoted  the use of bio fertilizers. Bio fertilizers are culture of micro organisms  capable  of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. There are two types of bio fertilizers.
1.   Symbiotic
2.   Asymbiotic
SYMBOITIC BIO FERTILIZERS-  are rhizobium culture of various strains  which multiply in the root  of suitable legumes and fix nitrogen symbiotically. The asymbiotic microbe cultures include  azotobacter, azospirillum, blue green algae,azolla. Which also fixes  a large amount of  atmospheric nitrogen in  suitable soil medium. They grow on  decomposing soil organic matter and produce  nitrogeneous compounds for their  on growth and development, beside that they leave  behind a significant amount of nitrogen in surroundings.
ADVANTAGES OF BIO FERTILIZERS
 The relevance of  bio fertilizers  increases rapidly  since chemical fertilizers  are costly in  short supply  utilize petroleum  products and change  the environment. In contrast bio fertilizers are  low cost eco friendly input  which lead soil  enrichment and compatible  with long term sustainability.
VERMICOMPOSTING
Vermi culture is the process of  using verms to decompose organic waste ; into materials containing nutrients, which held growth of plants. Vermi composting is nature’s  way of completing the recycling loop. This method is simple,  effectives convenient and noiseless. It save water, energy and helps to rebuild  the soil. The worms ability the convert organic waste into nutrient rich materials reduces the need  for synthetic  fertilizers
Image result for images of vermicompostingImage result for images of vermicomposting
ADVANCE OF VERMICOMPOSTING
 Vermi composting  adds   beneficial organisms  to the soil. These micro organisms and soil fauna help break down organic materials and  converts nutrients into a more available food  form of plants. Vermi compost  improves soil structures, textures  and aeration as well as increasing water  holdity capacity. The plants  will grow stronger adding composte to soil aids in erosion control promote soil  fertility and stimulates  healthy root  development in plants.
CONTROL   OF WEEDS BY BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Weeds are the  unwanted plants that grow and live at the expense of the main crop. They complete  with the main crops plants for nutrients  and sunlight. Amaranthus and grasses   are example of weeds .
BIOLOGICAL   METHOD
Emloyees  living organisms  for destroying the weeds. Some suitable insects  or organisms  are  dropped  into the crop field  these organisms selectively  eat away only the weeds without  harming the main crop for example herbivorous  fish  and gees feed on aquatic weeds, acassia plants prevent  growth of parthenium weeds.
TECHNIQUES OF  CULTIVATION
a.  HYBRIDISATION
The process of cross breeding varieties of crop plant ,each having a specific and better characteristics to obtain and totally “New crop plant” having the desired characteristics of both is called hybridization. Hybrid is the result of  crossing  of two varities of species having desired genes and bring together the useful characters of both  of these in to one progeny. They are also known as High yield varieties .The process of hybridization done by,
v Selection of parents both processing good characteristics height vigour , resistance to diseases.
v Cross breeding the two parents in order to in corporate the good characteristics of both in to one varities.
ADVANTAGES OF HYBRIDISATION
Ø      Resuit in the product of more vigorous and better adopted  varieties
Ø      Brings superior characters like high yield good quality resistance to diseases insects, drought  into a single variety
Ø      Leads to the formation of hybrid . which are better responsive fertilisers and take less time for ripenning
DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRIDISATION
Ø  Produces sterile hybrids in certain plants
Ø  A tedious , time consuming and expensive procedure
A technique  procedure,which can be adapted only by experienced plant breeder.
CUTTING

The simplest and most widely used technique of vegetative propagation involves cuttings are used extensively in the propogation of flowering shrubs ,tapioca etc .
BUDDING
BUDDING
Budding is a more highly skilled technique where by a dormant bud taken from one wood plant (scion)is made  to grow on the well established root system of another plant(stock ) it is commonly cultivation of roses ,plums ,peaches etc .
LAYERING
This is the production on stem separated from the parent plant the common method of layering are air layering and mount layering. Air layering is employed for the propogation of lemon , orange .guava etc. mount layering is commonly used for the propogation of jasmine ,pepper etc
GRAFTING
Grafting is a similar to budding in which the scion is a tree rather than a bud .it is done to propogate quality plants will weak system are to strong tending to form enormous tees the most app le trees are grafted into root stocks, which stops the trees from growing to tall that ,the apples are easy to pick . common methods of grafting are wedge grafting approach grafting.
CLONING

The production of genetically identified offspring  with exactly the same DNA is called cloning. It was first performed on carrot root cells and later carried out on vertebrates such as frog by the transplantation of the nuclei  from one cell to another.


ROLE OF SCIENCE IN EFFECTIVE SOCIAL CHANGE

          Social changes refers to modification in the life patterns of people .science has been an instrument of social change .There has been tremendous improvement in fields .
PROMOTING HEALTH HYGIENE
Health is a state of wellbeing , good health is essential for condition and maintain a good life. basic conditions to keep good health are proper diet ,personal and domestic hygiene ,fresh air and good health.
FOREST AS RENEWABLE RESOURCE
Forest  constitute global biomass they are great resources since they provide habitat for wild life . fibre fruit herbal medicine timber .
WILD LIFE
Wild life is considered a renewable resource and hence its management is improvement . Wildlife management must involves restoration of the habitat management programmes should involves the establishment of more national parks and sanctuaries. The diversity  of Indian wild animals constitutes of great national; resources
ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

Ecological balance has been defined as “A state of dynamic equilibrium within a community of organisms in which genetic ,species and ecosystem diversity remains relatively stable , subject to gradual changes through natural ruccession “and a stable balance in the number of each species in an ecosystem . The most important point being that the natural balance in an ecosystem is maintained  .
CONCLUSION
Throughout the practicum we have studied about how biology helps in the welfare of society . All these technology  we see today are the products that biology gave us our society depends upon biology both directly and indirectly . In  early times biology mentioned only about life, but no it has become a vast area which includes treatment of diseases. Environmental protection population control etc. and all the physiological and psychological factors of society .The role that biology plays cannot be replaced by another field of science .
REFERENCE


1.   Jessy Mathews (2008),Teaching of natural science, ST. Marys Training college kottayam.
2.   http:\\Wikipedia.org



                                  SUBMITTED BY,
                                
                             Archana Chandran A.C
                            Natural science
                          ROLL NO:5

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