PRACTICUM
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT
OF BIOLOGY FOR THE WELFARE
OF SOCIETY
INTRODUCTION
The world
we live is full of biodiversity and we
humans are a part of that when life began in this earth ,It was very simple and
as ages passed it became more complex we know that biology deals with the
science about life and as population increased .It is this science which helped
the society to overcome the problem to a great extend.
Our life on earth is
becoming miserable because of our wrong needs. Many diseases are emerging due
to our activity and also due to other factor.
Biology gives us knowledge about these kind of
diseases and it help to diagnose treat and curse it. As the science is
improving ,biology is also gaining strength more and more equipments is being introduced
in to the modern world .Now a days treatment are available. For readily diseases like cancer
,aids etc. Hereditary and gene disorder can also be cured .Biology also makes us aware of upcoming environment
hazard danger causing to animal etc. The
more we see in this practicum.
NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE
Man is fighting with many biology issue and they are
threatening him. More and more diseases and emerging day by day .At this state
biology has it relevance .It helps us to known about the various stages of
diseases welfare of society lies in the hands of biology .We know that now a
day life style diseases are going its strength by affecting a lot of people
.Many biologists are trying to find a cure
for this with advent of biology we are able to diagnose and cure many
disease so the need for studying this topic is important.
Now talking about its present
significance we could see that in every field our society, biology has its
significance .The effect of pollution and its control, biodiversity
conservation, waste management, wild
life conservation , waste management, wild life
protection etc come under the
control of biology. So we can say that
biology stands for the welfare of society from older times and its significance
and important can’t be explained.
STATEMENT OF THE STUDY
The
intention of the present study is to find out the impact of biology for the welfare of society. The study is thus
entitled as “ The study on the impact of Biology for the Welfare of society”.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.
To
identify the advancement in the
different fields of biology that affect mankind .
2.
To
identify the impact of biology for the
welfare of society.
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
The present
investigation aims to find out the impact of biology for the welfare of society
,the methodology adopted was documentary analysis.
PROCEDURE ADOPTED
For
collecting data necessary for identify impact of biology for the welfare of
society, documentary analysics was
employed. It was followed by the analysis text book, journals, periodicals,
magazines, net source and also
discussion with teachers and experts.
DATA COLLECTED
IMPACT OF BOLOGY
Biology
plays a vital role in sustaining the well being at human , from olden times man
has been exploiting nature for his statisfaction of needs and its after effect
came in the form of natural calamities. At the same time be is also trying to
build the broken bond between man and
nature. Biology is the field of science which help the man to do so. Biology
has very important role in improving life setup through various field.
SELF SUFFICIENCY IN FOOD
The major issue of the space age
world is hunger. The main reason for this is the enormous rise in world
population. The rise in population other reasons for the shortage are
1.
Imbalanced
food production
2.
Misdistribution
3.
Waste
and spoilage
The food
problem is more serious in developing and under develop countries where the percapital income in very low. WHO
estimate that about two third of the world population is struggle in with
condition that create sickness and under nourishment. To change this situation
we must attain self sufficieny in food productivity is too low to feed the exploding population. The world
food supply may be increased through agriculture by adopting certain measures.
a)
General-reforestation,
mechanization and economic use of water
b)Crops
– use of new, better varieties of crops
obtained through plant breeding, promoting the use of selected and
controlled seeds extensive use of
fertilizers, better soil management improved human status irrigation, education
efforts by creating awareness on modern agricultural practices.
c)Live
stock- superior animals breeds, better feed control, improved animal
husbandary, good water provision, health control, use of antibiotics, arresting
losses in handling, storage and utilization etc.
BASIC PRACTICES IN CROP
PRODUCTION
Crop
refere to cultivated products from the soil in
the form of grains, roots, fibers etc.
India produces about 100 million tones of rice. Wheat and
other cereals every year
to feed her population of thousand million
of people.
There are certain conditions which are
very important for ensuring a higher crop yield appropriate soil, seeds, irrigation, protection from
weeds and pests and the use of proper implements and practices
determine the quality and
reliability of crop yield. A field or a
farm needs to be managed properly in order to yield good crops.
Agriculture thus involves systematic use of
practices that fulfil
the requirements for the growth
of plants.
Every crops uses of substantial amount of nutrients present in the soil, therefore periodic
replenishment is necessary . Other wise the soil would become infertile and incapable of
supporting further plant growth
oneway of replenishing the soil
with nutrients is to add “ manure” to it manure is made of
waste product of animals and plants which is rich in organic chemical nutrients. Another way of enriching
the soil is to add “fertilizers” to it.
BIOFERTILIZERS
The emergence of green revolution and bio
farming has promoted
the use of bio fertilizers. Bio fertilizers are culture of micro
organisms capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. There are two
types of bio fertilizers.
1.
Symbiotic
2.
Asymbiotic
SYMBOITIC
BIO FERTILIZERS- are rhizobium culture of various strains which multiply in the root of suitable legumes and fix nitrogen
symbiotically. The asymbiotic microbe cultures include azotobacter, azospirillum, blue green
algae,azolla. Which also fixes a large
amount of atmospheric nitrogen in suitable soil medium. They grow on decomposing soil organic matter and
produce nitrogeneous compounds for their on growth and development, beside that they
leave behind a significant amount of
nitrogen in surroundings.
ADVANTAGES OF BIO FERTILIZERS
The relevance of bio fertilizers increases rapidly since chemical fertilizers are costly in
short supply utilize
petroleum products and change the environment. In contrast bio fertilizers
are low cost eco friendly input which lead soil enrichment and compatible with long term sustainability.
VERMICOMPOSTING
Vermi culture is the process of using verms to decompose organic waste ; into
materials containing nutrients, which held growth of plants. Vermi composting
is nature’s way of completing the
recycling loop. This method is simple,
effectives convenient and noiseless. It save water, energy and helps to
rebuild the soil. The worms ability the
convert organic waste into nutrient rich materials reduces the need for synthetic
fertilizers



ADVANCE OF VERMICOMPOSTING
Vermi composting adds
beneficial organisms to the soil.
These micro organisms and soil fauna help break down organic materials and converts nutrients into a more available
food form of plants. Vermi compost improves soil structures, textures and aeration as well as increasing water holdity capacity. The plants will grow stronger adding composte to soil
aids in erosion control promote soil
fertility and stimulates healthy
root development in plants.
CONTROL
OF WEEDS BY BIOLOGICAL METHODS

Weeds
are the unwanted plants that grow and
live at the expense of the main crop. They complete with the main crops plants for nutrients and sunlight. Amaranthus and grasses are example of weeds .
BIOLOGICAL METHOD
Emloyees living organisms for destroying the weeds. Some suitable
insects or organisms are
dropped into the crop field these organisms selectively eat away only the weeds without harming the main crop for example
herbivorous fish and gees feed on aquatic weeds, acassia
plants prevent growth of parthenium
weeds.
TECHNIQUES OF
CULTIVATION
a.
HYBRIDISATION
The process of cross breeding varieties of crop plant ,each
having a specific and better characteristics to obtain and totally “New crop
plant” having the desired characteristics of both is called hybridization.
Hybrid is the result of crossing of two varities of species having desired
genes and bring together the useful characters of both of these in to one progeny. They are also
known as High yield varieties .The process of hybridization done by,
v Selection of parents both processing
good characteristics height vigour , resistance to diseases.
v Cross breeding the two parents in
order to in corporate the good characteristics of both in to one varities.


ADVANTAGES OF HYBRIDISATION
Ø
Resuit in the product of more vigorous and better
adopted varieties
Ø
Brings superior characters like high yield good quality
resistance to diseases insects, drought
into a single variety
Ø
Leads to the formation of hybrid . which are better
responsive fertilisers and take less time for ripenning
DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRIDISATION
Ø Produces sterile
hybrids in certain plants
Ø A tedious , time
consuming and expensive procedure
A technique
procedure,which can be adapted only by experienced plant breeder.
CUTTING

The simplest and most widely used technique of vegetative propagation involves
cuttings are used extensively in the propogation of flowering shrubs ,tapioca
etc .
BUDDING
BUDDING

Budding is a more highly skilled technique where by a dormant bud taken
from one wood plant (scion)is made to
grow on the well established root system of another plant(stock ) it is
commonly cultivation of roses ,plums ,peaches etc .
LAYERING
This is the
production on stem separated from the parent plant the common method of
layering are air layering and mount layering. Air layering is employed for the
propogation of lemon , orange .guava etc. mount layering is commonly used for
the propogation of jasmine ,pepper etc

GRAFTING
Grafting is a similar to budding in which the scion is a
tree rather than a bud .it is done to propogate quality plants will weak system
are to strong tending to form enormous tees the most app le trees are grafted
into root stocks, which stops the trees from growing to tall that ,the apples
are easy to pick . common methods of grafting are wedge grafting approach
grafting.
CLONING
The
production of genetically identified offspring with exactly the same DNA is called cloning.
It was first performed on carrot root cells and later carried out on
vertebrates such as frog by the transplantation of the nuclei from one cell to another.

ROLE OF SCIENCE IN EFFECTIVE SOCIAL CHANGE
Social changes refers to modification in
the life patterns of people .science has been an instrument of social change
.There has been tremendous improvement in fields .
PROMOTING HEALTH HYGIENE
Health is a
state of wellbeing , good health is essential for condition and maintain a good
life. basic conditions to keep good health are proper diet ,personal and
domestic hygiene ,fresh air and good health.
FOREST AS RENEWABLE RESOURCE
Forest constitute global biomass they are great
resources since they provide habitat for wild life . fibre fruit herbal
medicine timber .
WILD LIFE
Wild life is
considered a renewable resource and hence its management is improvement .
Wildlife management must involves restoration of the habitat management
programmes should involves the establishment of more national parks and
sanctuaries. The diversity of Indian
wild animals constitutes of great national; resources
ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
Ecological
balance has been defined as “A state of dynamic equilibrium within a community
of organisms in which genetic ,species and ecosystem diversity remains
relatively stable , subject to gradual changes through natural ruccession “and
a stable balance in the number of each species in an ecosystem . The most
important point being that the natural balance in an ecosystem is
maintained .
CONCLUSION
Throughout
the practicum we have studied about how biology helps in the welfare of society
. All these technology we see today are
the products that biology gave us our society depends upon biology both
directly and indirectly . In early times
biology mentioned only about life, but no it has become a vast area which
includes treatment of diseases. Environmental protection population control
etc. and all the physiological and psychological factors of society .The role
that biology plays cannot be replaced by another field of science .
REFERENCE
1.
Jessy Mathews
(2008),Teaching of natural science, ST. Marys Training college kottayam.
2.
http:\\Wikipedia.org
SUBMITTED BY,
Archana Chandran A.C
Natural science
ROLL NO:5
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