PRACTICUM

PRACTICUM

TOPIC  : IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVELANT IN  OUR LOCALITY.

INTRODUCTION

Disease is spread in many different ways, from the source or reservoir of infection to a susceptible human host .it is essential to know the manner in which disease is transmitted to be able to plan suitable preventive and control measures .the source of injection in mostly cases in man himself who has the disease.

He may be a case or carrier sometimes the source or infection may be a case or carrier sometimes the source or infection may be an infected animal. Modes of transmission can be classified in two categories direct and indirect.

NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE

Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via air bone viruses or bacteria but also through blood or other body fluid.The terms injection and contagious are used to describe communicable disease. In this section learn about coordinated efforts to combat a few of the most serious communicable diseases on the global level.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The present study aims to find out identification of causes and prevention of communicable diseases.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

·      Identify communicable diseases in my society .

·      To find out the causes of communicable diseases

·      To suggest the preventive measures to avoid of communicable diseases

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

                 Since the present study aims to identification of communicable diseases in my society .It was decided to adopt field study,observation and group discussion .

PROCEDURE ADOPTED

                    For collecting data necessary for identification of causes and prevention of communicable diseases in my society . it was followed by the analysis of contents of text book ,internet etc. for collection of necessary information related with the topic .

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

CHICKEN POX [VARICELLA]

                           Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by vesicular rash which may be accompanied by fever and malaise.the virus is present in the oropharyngal secretions, skin lesions and mucosa. Rarely the source of infection may be a patient with Herpes zoster .Chickenpox is transmitted from person to person by droplet infection.

PREVENTION

·      Administration of immunoglobulin

·      Vaccines

·       Varicella zoster immunoglobulins.

TUBERCULOSIS

               Tuberculosis remain a world wide problem. Tuberculosis is an specific infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease primary affects lungs and causes pulmonary tuberculosis.If the infection spread it can affect all part of the body.TB transmitted mainly through droplet infection and droplet nuclei generated when a patient who has TB coughs. coughing generate the largest number of droplet of all sizes.

PREVENTION

·      Continuous fever

·      Chest pain

·      Haemoptysis

ACUTE DIARROEAL DISEASES

                   When a person has loose or watery stools, he has diarrhea.If mucus and blood can seen in stools, he has dysentry.The most common cause of acute diarrohoea in children youger than two years of age is rota virus.in older children and adults, a possibility of vibrio cholera infection should always be kept in mind. Hands contaminated with faecal also spread infection directly.this also spread organism.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

PRIMARY PREVENTION

Health promotion

Health education about personal hygiene, sanitation , and waste disposal ,prevention of fly breeding , food and water hygiene

SECONDARY PREVENTION

·      1.early diagnosis

·      Prompt and effective treatment

TERTIARY PREVENTION

Has no role in this disease

DENGUE FEVER

Dengue is a mosquitos born infection which in recently years has become major international public health problem .virus that cause dengue .dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female aedes aegypti mosquitos.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

·      At present the only method of controlling or preventing dengue and DHF  is to combat the vector mosquitos

·      Aedes aegypti breeds primarlty in man made containers like jars me tal drums and concrete cisterns used for domestic water storage , so also in discarded plastic food containers ,used automobiletyres and other items that collect rain water .

·      Vector control is implemented using environmental managemwent and chemical methods . proper solid waste disoposal and improved water storage practices including covering containers to prevent access by egg laying female mosquitos are among the methods that are encouraged through community based programmes.

·      Application of appropriate insecticides to larval habitats

FILARIASIS

                Filariasis caused by a parasite which belong to the nematode family.The parasite which can cause this disease are the following ;WuchereriaBrugia,Malayi and Brugya timori.All three infection are transmitted to man by the bites of infective mosquitoes viz the culex mosquito.The larvae tend to breed in stangnant dirty water. Filariasis is a global problem.The infection acquired from a person who has filariasis.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

                          This is achieved by spraying insecticides which are lethal to the larvae of the mosquitoes.This strategy is largely in the urban areas in India.

                        Larvicidal operations are complemented activities such as filling up of ditches and cesspools,drainage of stangnant water,adequate maintenance of septic tanks and soakage pits etc.

CONCLUSION

From the study entitled the identification  of causes and prevention of communicable diseases prevalent in our society . I come to realize causes of communicable diseases and how it can be prevented in our society

              Identify so many communicable diseases in our society . Chicken pox, tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases are the important communicable diseases in my society

REFERENCE

·      Anju soni,teaching of general science[2004] tandon publication, lucknow

·      www. Google.com

·      http://en.wikipedia.org

                                                      APARNAKRISHNENDU T.K.

                                                       ROLL NO: 4

                                                       NATURAL SCIENCE