PRACTICUM
TOPIC: BIOLOGICAL
ISSUES IN MY LOCALITY-DENGUE FEVER
Introduction
The Present Study Aims To Identify The Biological Issues
Prevalent In My Locality. There Are So Many Issues Including Social And
Biological Issues. The Many Issues Are Different Types Of Diseases Like Chicken
Pox , Dengue Fever And Some Other Include Pollution, Water Disposal, Smoking
And Alcoholism Etc. Among The Most Issues, One Of The Serious Issue In My
Locality Is Dengue Fever.
It Act As A Mosquito Born Infectious Disease. It Act As A Wide Spread
Disease In My Locality. This Study Has Symptoms To Prevention Disease ,Diagnosis,
Methods And Vector Control Are Also Included. It Causes Serious Problems And
Cause Multiplication Of Disease. Dengue Fever Act As A Epidemic In My Locality.
There Are Three Types Of Dengue Fever. They Are Classical Dengue Fever. Dengue Fever And Dengue Shocked Fever.
Need And Significance
There Are So Many Issues In My Locality Including Social And
Biological Issue. Both Of Them Have Its Own Impart On Existence Of Life On
Earth .But Biological Issue Have Prominent Role In Our Society. Some Of The
Biological Issue Are Pollution, Deforestation, Waste Dumping, Harmful Disease
Etc. A Keen Study Of There Problem May Lead To Suggest Precaution And Remedial
Measures For Them. In This Present World The Changing In Lifestyle We Are Need
To Keep Our Society Clean Because Land Facility Decrease With Increasing
Population. So We Should Be Aware Of Our Society. In This Stage This Study Of
Biological Issue In My Locality That Is Study Of Dengue Fever Have Its Own
Significance .In This Content That The Need Of Identify, Study Arises And To
Suggest Control Measures In Order To Lead Better Healthier Life.
Statement of the
study
The Present Investigation Aims To Find Out The Biological Issue
In My Locality And Find Out The Control Measures To Over Come It. The Study Is
Thus Entitled As Identification Of Biological Issue In My Locality And Suggest
Measures To Over Come It.
Objectives of the
study
1) To Identify The Biological Issue In My Locality.
2) To Find Out The Causes And Effects Of This Biological Issue.
3) To Suggest Remedial Measures / Control Measures To Over Come
The Issue.
Methodology Adopted
Since The Present Study Aim To Find Out The Social Issue In My
Locality, It Was Decided To Adopt The Field Study , Observation , Techniques
And Group Discussion.
Procedure Adopted
For Collecting Data Identifying The Social Issue In My Locality
, Field Study Was Employed. It Was Followed By The Analysis Of The Content Of
Text Book , Magazine , Internet For
Collecting Necessary Information Related With The Topic Interview With The
People In My Locality Was Also Adopted.
Dengue Fever
Dengue Fever Is A Disease
Caused By A Family Of Viruses
That Are Transmitted By Mosquitoes. It Is An Acute Illness Of Sudden Onset That
Usually Follows A Course With Symptoms Such As Head Ache , Fever , Exhaustion
Severe Muscle And Joint Pain , Swollen Glands And Rash. The Presence Of Fever ,
Rash And Head Ache Is Particularly Characteristics Of Dengue.
Dengue Strikes People With Low Level Of Immunity. Because It Is Caused
By One Of Four Types Of Virus. It Is Possible To Get Dengue Fever Multiple
Times. However An Attack Of Dengue Produces Immunity For A Life Time To That
Particular Type To Which Patient Was Exposed. Mosquito Are A Vector Agent That
Carries Mosquito Bites She Also Inject Saliva And Anti-Coagulant Into The Blood
Which May Also Disease Causing Viruses Or Other Parasites.
Dengue Fever Is A Common Communicable Disease Characterised By Occurence
Of High Fever , Severe Body Aches And Intense Head Aches . It Is A Very Common
Disease That Occurs In Epidemic Form From Time To Time . Delhi And Parts Of
North India , Experienced A Large Number Of Causes Of Dengue In 1996 , 2003 And
2006 . The Disease Is Quite Serve In Children As Compared To Adults . The Mosquitoes
That Spread Dengue Usually Bite At Dusk And Dawn But May Bite At Any Time
During The Day . Especially Indouis , In Shady Area Or When The Weather Is
Cloudy . They Are Caused By Four Related Virus Serotype Of Genus Flavi Virus
Family Flaviviridae . It Was Identified And Named In 1779 .
Dengue Gone
By Other Names Including; Break Bone Or Dandy Fever , Victims Of Dengue Often
Have Contortions Due To The Intense Joint And Muscle Pain , Hence The Name
Break Bone Fever . There Is No Vaccine Or Medical Cure And Treatment Only
Manage The Symptoms Of The Disease . Some Of Which Can Be Fatal . The Only
Possible Preventive Measure Are To Prevent The Breeding Of Mosquitoes And To
Avoid Mosquito Bite . It Is Not Infectious Between Humans . It Is Transmitted
To The Humans By Aedes Aegypts Mosquito Which Is Found In Tropical Regions
Through Out The World .
Causes Of Dengue
Fever
The Virus Is Transmitted From The Bite Of A Stripped Aedes
Aegypti Mosquito And Rarely By The Aedes Albopictus Mosquito.The Virus Is
Transmitted From An Infected Mosquito To Human. The Mosquito Flourishes During
Raining Season But Can Breed In Water Filled Pots , Plastic Bags And Cans Year
Around. Water Stagnate Is One Of The Main Reason For Increasing The Number Of
Mosquitoes.
There Are Four Dengue Viruses (DENN) That Cause Dengue Fever. The
Process Begins When A Person Who Is Infected With The Dengue Virus Is Bitten By
A Mosquito, The Virus Is Then Passed On Someone Else And Then It Is Bitten By
The Infected Mosquito.
A Mosquito That Takes A Blood From A Person Infected With Dengue Fever
Become Itself Infected With The Virus In The Cell Lining Its Gut. About 8-10
Days Later The Virus Spread To Other Tissues Including The Mosquito Salivary
Gland And Subsequently Released Into The Saliavary Saliva . The Virus Seems To
Have No Determental Effects In The Mosquito Which Remain Infected For Life. The
Mosquito Prefer To Lay Its Egg In Artificial Water And Tend To Live In Close
Proximily To Humans And Has A Preference For Feeding Off Them.
Symptoms Of Dengue Fever
A Symptom Is Something The Patient Feel Or Report While A Sign
Is Something That People Including The Doctor Defects Detects.As There Are
Severe Of Dengue Fever The Symptoms Can Vary.
Mild Dengue Fever : The Symptoms Can Appear To Seven Days. After The Mosquito
Carrying The Virus Bites And Usually Disappear After A Week. This Form Of
Disease Hardly Ever Results In Serious Or Fatal Complication. The Symptoms Of
Mild Dengue Fever Are High Fever, .Body Rash That Can Disappear And Then
Reappear, Intense Head Ache , Pain Behind The Eyes, Vomiting And Feeling
Nauseous. Bleeding From Mouth , Nose Bleeds , Internal Bleeding. Fever And
Other Signs Of Dengue Last For Two To Four Days Followed By A Rapid Drop In
Body Temperature With Profuse Sweating. A Characteristic Rash Appears Along
With The Fever And Spreads ,So Cover The Entire Body Except The Face. The Palms
And Sole May Be Bright Red And Swollen.
Mechanism Of Dengue
Fever
When A Mosquito
Carrying Dengue Virus Bites A Person, The Virus Enters The Skin With The
Mosquito Saliva .It Encounters And Binds To A Number Of Different Cells In The
Skin. The Virus Then Enters The Cells And Dendrite Cells Move To The Nearest
Lymph Node. The Virus Genome Is Replicated To Membrane Bound Vesicles On The
Cells Endoplasmic Reticulum Where The Cells Protein Synthesis Apparatus Produce
New Viral Are Transported From The Endoplasmic Reticulum To The Golgi Apparatus
.Mature New Viruses Move To The Surface Of The Infected Cells And Are Released
By Exocytosis .Then The Enters Other White Blood Cells
Dengue Fever
Affecting In My Locality.
One Of The Main
Social Problem In My Locality Is Dengue Fever. It Act As A Epidemic In My
Locality. The Disease Was Spread Within Seven Days. Aedes Mosquito Is The Main
Cause Of Dengue Fever. Water Stagnant Is One Of The Main Reason For Increasing
The Number Of Mosquito. Mosquito Are A Vector Agent That Carries Mosquito Borne
Disease. When A Mosquito Bites She Also Inject Saliva And Anti Coagulant Into
The Blood Which May Contain Disease Causing Viruses To Other Parasites .It
Strikes People With Low Levels Of Immunity .
A Doctor Can Diagnose
Fever By Performing A Blood Test. Doctor Will Prescribe Medicine To Help
Relieve Your Symptoms. If Not Treated Properly It May Cause Death.
Prevention Of Dengue
Fever
There Is No Vaccine
For Dengue Fever. If You Are Travelling Or Living In Areas Where Mosquito Borne
Disease Are Endemic , We Must Take All Precautions In Order To Avoid Mosquito
Bites. Be Aware That The Risk Of Being Bitten By Mosquito Indoor Is Reduced By
The Use Of Air Conditioning And Screened Doors And Windows. Travelers Can Avoid
Bites By Properly Applying Mosquito Repellants To Exposed Skin And Should
Remember That Clothing Decreases The Risk Of Being Bitten.
1.
Turn Pail And Watering Cans Over And Store Them Under Shelter.
2.
Remove Water In Plant Pot Plates. Clean And Scrub The Plate
Thoroughly To Remove Mosquito Eggs. Avoid The Use Of Plant Pots If Possible.
3.
Clean Any Stagnant Water In Our Cooler Unit.
4.
Loosen Soil From Potted Plants To Prevent The Accumulation Of
Stagnant Water On The Surface Of Hardened Soil.
5.
Proper Water Disposal , Elimination Of Stagnant Water In
Domestic Environment And Improved Water Storage Practices.
Treatment Of Dengue Fever
1.
Dengue Is A Virus There Is No Specific Treatment Or Cure ,
However There Are Things The Patient Or The Doctor Can Do To Help , Depending
On The Severity Of The Disease. For Milder Form Of Dengue Treatment Method
As;1)Prevent Dehydration 2)Pain Killers 3)Intravenous Fluid Supplementation
4)Blood Transfusion 5)Proper Hospital Care.
Conclusion
Dengue And
Dhf Are Caused By One Of Virus. The Mosquito Virus Is The Same That Carries
Yellow Fever Virus. Dengue Is Primarily A Disease Of Tropics And Virus That
Cause It Are Maintained In A Cycle That Involve Humans , A Domestic , Day
Biting Mosquito That Prefers To Feed In Humans. Infection From Virus Produces A
Spectrum Of Clinical Illness Ranging From A Non Specific Viral Syndrome To
Severe And Fatal Fever. Important Risk Factors For Dhf Include The Strain And
Infecting Virus , As Well As Age Immunization And Genetic Predisposition Of
Patient Older Children And Adults Are Usually Sicker Than Young Children. Most Dengue
Infection Result In Relatively Mild Illness , But Some Can Progress To Dengue
Fever , To Prevent The Spread Of Dengue Fever . To Prevent The Spread Of Dengue
Fever , We Must Prevent The Breeding Of
Its Vector . We Can Get Rid Of Mosquito By Frequently Checking And Removing
Stagnant Water .
Reference
2)
Magazines
3) News
Paper
4) A Text Book Of
Microbiology – Anandha Narayanan And Panicker
SUBMITTED BY ,
SHARIKA MOHAN I
ROLL NO:11
NATURAL SCIENCE
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