PRATICUM
THE STUDY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF MODERN TECHNIQUE OF AGRICULTURE
INTRODUCTION
Agricultural technology refers to technology for the production of machines used on a farm to help with farming. Agricultural machines have been designed   for practically every stage of the agricultural process. They include machines for tilling the soil, planting seeds, irrigating the land, cultivating crops, protecting them from pests and weeds, harvesting, threshing grains, live stock feeding, and sorting and packaging the products.
                                          Modern agricultural system has been developed with two related goals in mind to obtain the highest yields possible and to yet the highest economic profits possible. In pursuit of these goals, six basic practices have come to form the backbone of production: intensive tillage, monoculture, application of inorganic fertilizer, irrigation, chemical pest control, and genetic manipulation of crop plants. Each practices is used for its individual contribution to productivity, but when they are all combined in a farming system each depends on the others and reinforces the need for using the others. The work of agronomists, specialists in agricultural production, has been key to the development of these practices.
NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE
                              Modern agriculture must seek to feed the world’s growing population with little or on cost to the environment. Modern agriculture is capable of producing greater yields than ever before, but intensification of agriculture does come at a price. Modern agriculture was very successful in meeting a growing demand for food by the world’s population. Yields of primary crops such as rice and wheat increased dramatically, the price of food declined, the rate of increase in crop yields generally kept pace with population growth, and the number of people who consistently go Hungary was slightly reduced. This boost in food production has been due mainly to scientific advance and new technologies including the development of new crop varieties.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 The present investigation aims to find out the “Importance of Modern technique of Agriculture and its practices”
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To find out the significance of modern technique of agriculture.
2. To find out the benefits of modern agriculture.
3. To find out the different type of modern technique in agriculture.

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
                                The present investigation aim to find out the Important of Modern Techniques of agriculture and its practice, the methodology adopted was documentary analysis.

PROCEDURE ADOPTED

                                  For collecting data necessary identifying importance of modern technique of agriculture and its practice, documentary analysis was employed. It was followed by the analysis of text books, journals, periodicals, magazines, net sources and also discussion with teacher and experts.
DATA COLLECTION
                   Modern Agriculture, during the latter half of the twentieth century, what is known today as modern agriculture was very successful in meeting a growing demand for food by the world’s population?  Yields of primary crops such as rice and wheat increased dramatically, the price of food declined, the rate of increase in crop yields generally kept pace with population growth, and the number of people who consistently go hungry was slightly reduced. This boost in food production has been due mainly to scientific advances and new technologies, including the development of new crop varieties the uses of pesticides and fertilizers, and the construction of large irrigation systems.
                                                                                               There are number of modern technique in agriculture they are;
POLY HOUSE FARMING OR GREEN HOUSE FARMING
Indian farmers face several challenges such as small land holding, poor yields due to reliance on inefficient methods of farming, too much reliance on natural phenomena such as rainfall and lack of knowledge of modern methods of agriculture. Poly house farming is an alternative new technique.  In agriculture, gaining food hold in rural India. It reduces dependency on rainfall and makes the optimum use of land and water resource due to assured system. Potentially, poly house farming can help farmer generate income around the year growing multiple crops and fetching premium pricing for off- season vegetables.
                                      Green house allow for greater control over the growing environment of plants. Depending upon the technical specification of a green house, key factors which may be controlled include temperature, level of light and shade, irrigation, fertilizer application and atmospheric humidity. Green houses may be used to overcome short comings in the growing qualities of a piece of land, such as a short growing season or poor light levels, and they can there by improve food production in marginal environments.
PRECISION AGRICULTURE
                   Precision agriculture or satellite farming or site specific crop management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crop. Crop variability typically has both a spatial and temporal component which makes statically/ computational treatments quite involved. They holy grail of precision agriculture research will be the ability to define a decision support system for whole farm management with the goal of optimizing returns  on inputs while preserving resource. Among these many approach is a phytogeomorphological approach which ties multi-year crop growth stability/ characteristics to topological terrain attributes.
                                                             Precision agriculture management practices can significantically reduce the amount of nutrients and other crop inputs used while boosting yields. Farmers thus obtain are turn on their investment by saving on phytosanitary and fertilizer coasts. The second larger scale benefit of targeting inputs-in spatial, temporal and quantitative term- concerns environmental impacts. Applying the right amount of inputs in the right place and at the right time benefits crops, soils and ground water, and thus the entire crop cycle. Consequentially, precision agriculture has become a corner stone of sustainable agriculture. Since it respects crops, soil and farmers. Sustainable agriculture seeks to assure a continued supply of food with in the ecological, economic and social limits required to sustain production in the long term.
SOILLESS CULTURE
                       Gerick originally defined hydroponics as crop growth in mineral nutrient solutions. Hydroponics is a subset of soilless culture. Many types of soilless culture do not use the mineral nutrient solutions required for hydroponics.
                                 Plants that are not traditionally growing in a climate would be possible to grow using a controlled environment system like hydroponics.
TECHNIQUES
                    There are two main variations foe each medium, sub-irrigation and top irrigation. For all techniques, most hydroponics reservoirs are now built of plastic, but other materials have been used including concrete, glass metal, vegetable solids, and wood. The containers should exclude light to prevent algae growth in the nutrient solution.
HYDROPONICS
             Hydroponics is a subset of hydro culture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solution, in water, without soil. Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral solution only, or in an inert medium, such as perlite or gravel.
STATIC SOLUTIONCULTURE
                         In static solution culture, plants are grown in containers of nutrient solution, such as glass Manson jars, plastic buckets, tubs or tanks. The solution is usually gently aerated but may be un-aerated; if un-aerated the solution level is kept low enough that enough roots are above the solution. So they get adequate oxygen. A hole is cut in the lid of the reservoir for each plant. There can be on to many plants per reservoir.
CONCLUTION
                   Agriculture in the United States has changed greatly in the past few decades. The basic technology of agricultural machines has changed little in the last century. Modern agriculture has changed the total agricultural process. That is, there are several technique are formulated today’s. So, modern agriculture and farming business, we need the proper, correct and experimental information based on modern technology which can make our dream true fast.
REFERANCE
Field, Harry L. and john Solie. {2007 Introduction to agricultural Engineering Technology}
Wes Jackson, New Roots for Agriculture. Fore word by Wendell Berry. University of Nebraska Press.                                                                          
                                                                                                                    Submitted by
                                                                                                                    KARTHIKA RAJAN P R

PRACTICUM

          PRACTICUM

TOPIC: a study on the importance of sericulture

INTRODUCTION

    Sericulture, or silk farming, is the rearing of silk worms for the production of silk.      Bombyx mori is the most widely used and intensively studied silk worm although there are commercial species of silk worms. Seiculture has become an important cottage industries in countries such as Brazil, China, France, India, Italy, Japan, Korea & Russia. Today China and       India are the two main producers, with more than 60% of the world’s annual production. Sericulture is both an art and science of raising silk worm for silk production. India is a home to a vast variety of silk secreting fauna which also includes an amazing diversity of silk moths.

NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE

       There are lot of varities of silk worms in our India.These silkworms produce different types of silk that showing different quality.In addition to the diverse silk worm races , there are vast genetic resources of mulberry , tasar , muga and eri host plants spread over diverse geographical locations. Through this study we can understand which are our common silk worms in India.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The present investigation  aims to find out the importance of sericulture , it was entitled as “ The study on the importance of sericulture”

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.To find out the different types of silk worm.

2.To find out the importance of silk worm.

3.To find out the production of silkworm.

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

The present study it was decided to adopt observation method.

PROCEDURE ADOPTED

For collecting data necessary for identifying the importance of seri culture .It is generally associated with the analysis of the text books , internet and discussion with experts and teachers to know the various aspects associated with the topic .

DATA  COLLECTION

Seri culture is both an art and science of raising silk worms for silk production .  Silk was a weavable fibre was first discovered by the Chinese . Silk was a profitable trade commodity in  china. Sericulture is an agro – based industry .

HISTORY OF SERICULTURE 

Once upon a time in an ancient kingdom of china there lived a queen Xi- Ling , wife of  emperor Huang – Di . One day she sat under the mulberry tree by spinning tea and admiring the spring flowers, something fell into her tea cup . On the top of the tea strain on her dress she spotted a lovely web of the most exquisite threads she had ever seen before. She understood that is the silk threads come from the silk worms cocoons where it fell from the mulberry tree . In china the knowledge of silk spread far and wide. Silk worm  eggs and the technology of making silk , was brought to India by Buddist monk . Tippu sulthan introduced sericulture to Karnataka .Today it is the biggest silk worm producing centre in India .

LIFE CYCLE OF A SILK WORM

The egg develop in to the silkworm larva,grab or caterpillar.They eat for 20-30 days,consuming large amounts of leaves.The caterpillar moults through four changes of skin.

                  The silkworms spins a cocoon for protection ,to permit the development of the pupa. The cocoon takes about three days to be fully complete and is a similar size to a peanut shell. The drysalis emerges from the cocoon as a moth. In cultivated silk, the grub is terminated while still inside the cocoon so that the long filaments are maintained. The colour of the silk is determined by the diet of the larva and seasonal influences. Mulberry leaves produce the preferred lighter coloured cocoons, but in the wild silkworms will eat other plants, producing all variety of colours. The moth mate and the female lays more than 350 eggs. The moth then die. In the wild, this cycle occurs once a year, but under scientific breeding it can occur up to three times in a year. It is slow and difficult process to produce silk fibre. Around 12 x kilos of cocoons will only produce about 1 x kilo of reelable silk and 1 x kilo of un reelable spinning silk.

SERICULTURE TECHNOLOGY :SILKWORM TYPES

There are five major types of silk of commercial importance, obtained from different species of silkworms which in turn feed on a number of food plants.Except mulberry, other varieties of silks are generally termed as non mulberry silks.India has the unique distinction of producing all these commercial varieties silks.The following are the varieties of silks produced by various silkworms.

1.            Mulberry

2.            Tasar

3.            Oak Tasar

4.            Eri

5.            Muga

SERICULTURE – SILK PRODUCTION

The production of silk generally involves two processes.

1.            Care of the silkworm from the egg stage through completion of the cocoon.

2.            Production of mulberry trees that provide leaves upon which the worms feed.

The silkworm caterpillar builds its cocoon by producing and surrounding itself with a long, continuous fibre , or filament. Liquid secretions from two large glands within the insect emerge from the spinnerct, a single exit tube in the head, hardening upon exposure to air and forming twin filaments composed of fibroin, a protein material. A second pair of glands secrete sericin, a gummy substance that cements the two filaments together. Because an emerging moth would break the cocoon filament, the larva is killed in the cocoon by steam on hot air at the chrysalis stage.

Silk is a continuous filament within each cocoon, having a usable length of about 600 to 900 meters. It is freed by softening the binding sericin and then locating the filament end and unwinding, or reeling, the filaments from several cocoons at the same time, some times with a slight twist, forming a single strand. Several silk strands, each too thin for most uses, are twisted together to make thicker stronger yarn in the process called throwing, producing various yarns differing according to the amount and direction of the twist imparted.

CONCLUSION

Sericulture can be relaunched throughout the country due to the implementation of the strategy of silkworm rearing in family.Sericulture modules and also identifying and exploiting the silk biotech potential. Collaboration with traditional sericultural countries in the area as well as the ones from ISE and BACSA can guarantee the relaunching of this field activity.Traditional activities are the most efficient ways to increase the interest in sericulture in the future.

REFERENCE

1.            Sericulture/silk production

(http://www.britannica.com)

2.            Silkworm facts, information, pictures/Encyclopedia.com articles about silkworms.

( http://www.encyclopedia.com )

                                         AISWARYA P NAIR

                                        NATURAL SCIENCE

PRACTICAL WORK

PRACTICAL WORK

L.S OF THE FLOWER

AIM

    To detect different parts of a flower (hibiscus).

MATERIALS REQUIRED

    Hibiscus, Needle and blade are required for the practical.

PROCEDURE

    Take a hibiscus flower ,remove two or three petals. Using  a  needle remove the stamina tube then we can see the style of the flower. style looks like a white  coloured  thin structure. Upper portion of the style contains stigma. Lower portion of the style contain ovary. By taking LS of the ovary using a black we can see the section of the ovary .This ovary contains ovules.

OBSERVATION

    We can observe stigma, style, ovary and ovule of the flower.

INFERENCE

   Style of the hibiscus flower is present inside the stamina tube.  Stamina  tube contains many anthers. ovary contains ovules. Mainly LS of the flower contains stigma, style and ovary.

Submitted by,

Aiswarya .P.Nair

Roll No. 1

Natural Science

SEMINAR

COMMUNITY RESOURCES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING AND LEARNING

INTRODUCTION

Community resources that enhance science learning include science centers to visit (museums, nature centers, interactive science centers, aquaria, gardens and zoos), places to explore that are unique to the local school (a nearby creek, pond, city street or business) people in the community, or materials that can be borrowed or purchased. Time, space and materials are critical components of an effective science learning environment that promotes sustained inquiry and understanding. Creating an adequate environment for science teaching is a shared responsibility. The teachers lead the way in the design and use of resources, but school administrators, students, parents and community members must meet their responsibility to ensure that 4the resources are available to be used. The classroom is a limited environment. The school science program must extend beyond the walls of the school to the National Science Education standards, Teaching Standard resources of the community. Many communities have access to science centers and museums, as well as to the science communities in higher education , national Laboratories and industry; these can contribute greatly to the understanding of science and encourage students to further their interests outside of school. Taking students on fieldtrips or using other community resources in their classes is not a new idea for teachers. Curriculum reforms   science calls for a new look at using community resources. Changing the educational experiences of children by moving beyond the classroom walls can diversify the array of learning opportunities and connect school lessons with daily life and real problems.

RELEVNCE AND SCOPE OF COMMUNITY BASED RESOURCES:

COMMUNITY BASED LEARNING HAPPENS EVERYWHERE:

Community based learning must be integrated within the regular school based curriculum. Before and after school programs and a host of community based organizations currently offer an important venue for shrinking the gap between living and learning. Successful implementations of community based learning opportunities in these settings may introduce the benefits of community based learning to school staff, families and decision makers, thus easing its way into the regular curriculum.

BRINGING THE COMMUNITY INTO CLASSROOM:

By necessity, most learning activities occur in the classroom that enrich the curriculum and provide unique experiences for children. These inexpensive or free materials may be overlooked since they are not produced by educational publishing companies. Numerous national organizations have also developed curriculum materials ; guidance materials; from professional organizations are useful to the workplace.

ELECRONIC CONNECTIONS

It involves the Internet or e-mail communications and can be valuable addition for classes that have Internet access. Students can communicate with students of other schools for their studying purpose. Students can take and share their study materials and can post their data on the Internet.

GUESTS

Guest speakers from the community can provide new information and experiences to students and link the school to the world outside. The teacher should spend time with the guest before the visit so they can discuss the age level of students and kinds of activities and information appropriate for this age group ; the needs of the guest during the visit and his or her general comfort level with children , the topic of the presentation and the students general knowledge about this topic; and what the teacher can do before to make the visit a success. Staff of state agencies can serve as classroom partners or as knowledgeable resource people. Valuable links to the community as well as connections between school subjects and the workplace may be created by inviting a cafeteria worker who could talk about using proportions in increasing the size of recipes. A mechanic or the owner of a feed store is other possibilities. Guests who can come back to the classroom numerous times may enhance the learning experience for the students.

USING COMMUNITY RESOURCES FOR BETTER LEARNING:

Community resources that can enhance science learning include science centers to visit (museums, nature centers, gardens and zoos), places to explore that are unique to the local school(pond, city street etc) ,people in the community or materials that can be borrowed or purchased. Can be used by teachers as a guide to science centers , sources of curriculum materials, and other kinds of science rich resources in  the regions.

CONCLUSION

Community based learning makes young people active agents of their own learning and gives them a voice in determining what and how they learn. Students act as co-creators, rather than just consumers of knowledge. Community based strategies have the potential to draw on the skills of every student. Students use physical activity, music, dance, as well as interpersonal skills, sense of space and love of the natural world to explore their communities and to organize and present to others what they have learned.

REFERENCE

http://edglossary.org/community-based-learning/

http://edglossary.org/hidden-curriculum/

www.crscience.org

SUBMITTED BY,

Renjitha.R.V

SEMINAR

PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD

INTRODUCTION

Problem solving consists of using generic or ad hoc methods, in an orderly manner , for finding solutions to problems . Some of the problem solving technique developed and used in artificial intelligence, computer science, engineering, mathematics, medicines etc. are related to mental problem solving techniques studied in psychology.

Have good strong problem solving skills can make a huge difference to your career. Solving this problem involves both analytical and creative skills.

Define the problem

Diagnose the situation so that your focus is on the problem, not just its symptoms helpful technique at this stage include using flow charts to identify the expected steps of a process and cause-and –effect diagrams to define  and analyze root cause.

GENERATE ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION

Postpone the selection of one solution until several alternatives have been proposed. Having a standard with which to compare the characteristics of the final solution is not the same as defining the desired result. A standard allows us to evaluate the different intended result offered by alternatives .It is very difficult to collect good information about the process. Considering multiple alternatives can significantly enhance the value of the final solution. Brain storming and team problem solving techniques are useful tools in this stage of problem solving.

       EVALUATE AND SELECT AN ALTERNATIVE

A series of considerations when selecting the best alternative are:

·     A particular alternative will solve the problem without causing other unanticipated problems.

·     All the individuals involved will accept the alternative.

·     Implementation of the alternatives is likely.

·     The alternative fits within the organizational constraints.

PROBLEMSOLVING METHOD

In the words of Hammonds , “Problem solving in teaching refers to the task making decisions or doing things that learner wants to make or to do , the nature of which he is able to understand but for which at the time he has no solution.”

STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD

1.                        Selection of the problem.

2.                        Presentation of the problem.

3.                        Collection of facts.

4.                        Drawing an outline.

5.                        To reach a satisfactory conclusion.

6.                        Evaluation.

7.                        Writing report.

MERITS

1.                        Students learn to find the solution of their problem themselves.

2.                        They develop the power of observation and argumentation.

3.                        They are capable to generalize.

4.                        They are familiar with the process of the collection of data, evaluation and drawing inferences.

5.                        They learn to use old facts in new references.

6.                        They develop a feeling of working together.

It is based on “Learning by doing”.

DEMERITS

1.            It is wastage of time and energy.

2.            There is always a doubt of drawing wrong conclusions.

3.            In order to practice this method talented teachers are required.

This method is not suitable for junior classes.

REFERENCE

·     Nursery Teachers Training Manual –B.L.SHARMA &   R.L SAXENA.

(Published by Vinay Rakheja 2013)

SUBMITTED  BY

RENJITHA R .V 

TOUR  REPORT

INTRODUCTION
            Study  tour  or  excursion  are  the  natural  medium  of  instruction  suitable  for  developmental  education. Excursion  are  taken  by  persons  to  some  selected  place.  Tours  are  mostly  undertaken  for  gathering  objective  based  learning  experiences , it  becomes  a  study  tour.  It  provides  direct  experience  leading  to  effective  understanding ,  This  palces  are  usually  selected  for  some  common  interests. The  tour  provides  to  see  the  beautiful  scenaries  of  different  places. The  tour  places  were  KODAIKANAL , MUNNAR , WONDERLA.

OBJECTIVES  OF  THE  TOUR

1.  To  develop  first  hand  experience  related  to  the  subject  or  concept  being  discussed  in  the  programme.
2.  The  student  is  able  to  note  &  describe  the  differences  of  the  environmental  features.
3.  To  develop  a  scientific  knowledge.
4.  To  develop  co-operation  among  students.
5.  To  develop  a  platform  for  teamwork .
6.  To  develop  self  confidence  in  students.

IDENTIFICATION  OF  THE  SPOT
 Kodaikanal ,  Munnar , Wonderla  were  the  spots  included  in  B.Ed  curriculum.

1. KODAIKANAL

Kodaikanal  has  several  scenic  natural  attraction  , which  are  enjoyed  by  its  visitors  &  made  it  a  popular  tourist  area.

2. PINE  FOREST

In  1906 ,  with  a  view  to  growing  valuable  timber , Mr. Bryant  started  the  kodaikanal  . A large  number  of  pine  trees  are  there.

3. PILLAR ROCKS

 It  is  a  set  of  three  giant  rock  pillars  which  stand  122m  high.  Managed  by  the  Tamil  Nadu  forest  department. The  viewpoint  is  crowded  but  it  is  not  commercialised .  There  is  an  excellent  public  garden  adjacent  to  the  viewpoint . We  watched  this  place  &  took  some  photographs.

4.  GUNA  CAVES

 It  became  popular  by  the  Tamil  movie " GUNA"  precisely  called  as  DEVILS  KITCHEN , are  deep  bat  infested  chambers  between  three  gigantic  boulders  that  are  the  pillar  rocks .  The  deep  narrow  ravines  of  the  caves  are  now  closed  to  public  due  to  tragic  deaths  of  twelve  youths there . These  dangerous  caves  are  highly  protected  now  &  tourists  can  see  the  sections  of  the  cave  from  afar.

5. GREEN  VALLEY  VIEW

 It  is  formerly  called  as  suicide  point ,  has  an  excellent  panoromic  view  of  the  plans  &  a  drop  of  1500m   overlooking  the   Vaigai  dam  to  the  south .  The  stairway  leading  upto  it  highly  commercialised  &  lined  with  rows  of  shops  to  tempt  tourist.

6. KODAIKANAL  LAKE

It  is  an  artificial  roughly  star  shaped  lake  built  in 1863.  It  is  recognised  as  kodaikanals  most  popular  geographic  landmark  &  tourists  attraction  Rowboat  &  pedalos  can  be  hired  at  the  kodaikanal  boat  club . Horses  &  bicycles  can  be  hired  beside  the  lake  for  short  periods .

7. COAKER'S  WALK

It  is  constructed  by  Lt. Coaker  in  1872 ,  is  a  1KM  paved  pedestrians  path  running  along  the  edge  of  steep  slopes  on  the  southern  side  of  kodaikanal . The  walk  ,  winding  around  Mount  Nebo , starts  in  front  of  the  Van  Atlen  Hospital  . On  a  clear  day  ,  one  can  view  as  far  as  Dolphins  nose  in  the  south  , the  valley  of  the  Pamba  river  in  the  Southwest  Periyakulam  &  even  the  city  of  Madurai  . A  fascinating  rare  phenomenon  called  Broken  spectre  can  be  witnessed , when  a  person  can  see hos  shadow  on  the  rainbow  halo .  This  occurs  when  the  sun  is  behind  the  viewer  &  clouds  &  mist  in  the  front .  There  is  an  observatory  with  telescope  half  way  along  the  walk .

8. SILVER CASCADE  WATERFALL

 Silver  cascade  waterfall  is  formed  from  the  outflow  of  Kodaikanal  Lake . The  water  quality  is  reportedly  poor  &  not  good  enough  for  bathing . This  impressive  waterfall  is  a  stop  for  first  time visitor . Ther  are  a  few  souveneir ,  fruit  vendors  &  many  monkeys . There  is  a  small  but  more  serene  waterfall  below  the  bridge  which  croisses  the  stream . 

 9. MUNNAR

 Munnar  is  a  town  &  hill  station  located  in  the  Idukki  district  of  the  southwesten  Indian  state  of  Kerala . Munnar  is  situated  at  around  1600m  above  sea  level  ,  in  the  Western  Ghats  range  of  mountains .  The  name  Munnar  is  beleived  to  mean  three  rivers : MUDHIRAPUZHA , NALLATHANI , KUNDALY .

 10. MATTUPETTY  DAM

 Mattupetty  dam , near  Munnar  in  Idukki  district ,  is  a  storage  Concrete  Gravity  dam  built  in  the  mountains  of  Kerala  , India  to  conserve  water  for  hydroelectricity . It  has  been  a  vital  source  of   power  yielding  with  such  dams  , huge  revenues  to  the  dam .  The  reservoir  is  also  known  to  be  one  of  the  visting  grounds  of  elephants  in   the  region . Total  capacity  of  the  reservoir - 55.4 million m3 .

11. PALLIVASAL

 Pallivasal  is  a  village  in  Idukki  district  in  the  Indian  state  of  Kerala .  The  first  Hydro - electric  project  in  Kerala  was  established  at Pallivasal  during  the  reign  of  Maharajah  Sree  Chitra  Thirunal  Balarama  Varma .  Pallivasal  electric  project  was  commissioned  in  1940 . Kerala  electricity  transmission  system  also  emerged  in  1940  with  66kv  line  from  Pallivasal  to  Thiruvananthapuram  &  eight  substations  were  also  commissioned  in  1940 .

12 . ECHOPOINT

Echopint  is  situated  about  13km  away  from  Munnar  town ,  towards  the  top  station . Echo point  is  a  phenomenon  found  in  most  of  the  hill  station , Munnar  also  has  an  echo  point  at  a  scenic  lake  bank .  At  echo point  one  can  hear  their  loud  voice  echoing  within  the  reservoir .

13.  WONDERLA 

  

Wonderla  is  one  of  the  only  two  amusements  parks  in  India  to  implement  OHSAs  18001 : 2007   safety  satndards.  All  attraction  &  components  are  maintained  according  to   district  tolerance  for  performance. Wonderla  has  5  water  treatments  plants  to   recycle , process  &  filter  all  types  of  water .  This  park  is  situated  on  top  of   a  hill  at  Pallikara  12km  from  the  city  of  Kochi . After  enjoying  in  wonderla  we  then  oved  to  LULU  mall , Kochi  for  shopping. At  night  we  watched  a  movie  for  entertainment  in  LULU  theatre  itself.

DETAILED  PLAN

On  07/02/2016  ,  sunday  at  5: 30 pm  we  started  our  journey  from  college  campus. At  6: 00 am  we  reached  Kodaikanal . Kodaikanal  is  a  hilly  & cold  picnic  spot .  Teachers  booked  rooms  in  Edhen  Paradise  hotel . We  moved   to  the  rooms  &  refreshed  ourselves . At  9 :15 am we  had  breakfast . After  that  we  went  to  see  Pillar  rock , Pine  forest  , Guna  caves  &  Green  valley  view . At  1:15pm  we  returned  back  to  hotel  &  ate  lunch . We  went  to  our  rooms  &  relaxed  for  sometime  . At 3: 30pm  we  moved  to  Kodaikanal  lake . After  sometime , we  returned  to  our  rooms  & at  8: 30pm we  ate  food  &  slept . On  09/02/2016  Tuesday , at  6: 30am w  started  from  Kodaikanal  to  Munnar . On  the  way  , at  9: 30am  we  ate  breakfast  at  breakfast  at  Woodland  hotel  at  Periyakulam . At  1: 45 pm , we  reached  Munnar  &  ate  lunch . We  went  for  sight  seeing .  On the  way, we  saw  tea  plantation  &  orange  bearing  trees . It  was  very  beautiful  to  see . Then  we  saw  Mattupetty  dam , Floriculture  centre  , Pallivasal  powerhouse  project &  echo point. We  returned  to  hotel  7  had  dinner  in  Abu  Zakria  Buhari  Restaurant . Then  went  to  room  &  slept.  Next  day  at  6 :15 am  we  started  our  journey  from  Munnar  to  Wonderla  at  Kochi .  On  the  way  , we  had  breakfast  at  Malayalee  hotel  , Neriyamangalam . At  around  10:15 am  we  reached  Wonderla . Had  fun  in  all rides  . At  6 :00 am  we  returned  to  our  bus .  Then  we  went  to  Lulu  mall  &  watched  a  movie .  On 11/02/2016 thursday  at  6:  15am  we  reached  college  campus.

BENEFITS  OF  THE  TOUR

The  tour  was  a  pleasure  experience ,  as  it  promoted  the  development  qualities  like  sharing , adjustments , attitudinal  changes,  cooperation  etc.  The  tour  also  helped  to  develop  aesthetic  experience  , enjoyment  ,  outdoor experience . This  tour  was  a  memorable  ,  lovely  experience  as  it  erased  the  staffiness  of  four  walls .  The  tour  widened  the  scope  of  information  in  geographical  ,  biological , natural  environmental  place .  Study  tour  is  one  important  task  to  trainee  teacher .  This  tour  also  helped  the  trainee  teacher ,  how  to  conduct  a  tour  progarm  to  school  students .

PROBLEMS  FACED  DURING  THE  TOUR

 Physical   problems  like  vomiting ,  headache  arised  due  to  more  hair  pins  in  Kodaikanal  , Munnar.

SUGGESTION

 My  suggestion  is  that  if  much  more  precautions  were  taken  against  vominting, few  physical  problems  faced  by  many  could  have  been  avoided.

CONCLUSION

The  purpose  of  the  trip  is  usually  observation  for  education ,  non  experimental  resaerch  or  to  provide  students  with  experience  outside  their  everyday  activities .  It  provides  students  oppurtunity  to  take  a  break  from  their  normal  routine  &  experience .  So study tour gives pleasure & fun.

SUBMITTED BY

APARNA  KRISHNENENDU